As we all know, when it comes to dehydration, diarrhea is frequently the cause. But can dehydration actually cause diarrhea? The answer is: Yes, it can either cause or exacerbate abdominal problems depending on the situation. It is useful to understand this link so you can recognize it early to intervene before it becomes more serious particularly concerning when it relates to children, older adults, and those with other health problems.
Let’s discuss how this connection occurs and what doctors recommend regarding how to manage and treat it.
The Link Between Dehydration and Diarrhea
Loss of body water from diarrhea usually happens after diarrhea, not before it. That said, when we don’t drink enough fluids, it can have a dampening effect on our gut health. This leads to digestive imbalance and, and your gut symptoms can mimic those of diarrhea.
Here is how hydration can create such effects:
- Dehydration reduces the mucus lining in the intestines, and irritation to the digestive tract can occur.
- With dehydration, fluids balance of electrolytes sodium and potassium is disrupted; both of which are needed for the bowels to function properly.
- Dehydration caused “poor hydration” status alters the balance of gut bacteria; the intestines become more susceptible to infection or irritation.
So, State of dehydration may not cause diarrhea in all cases, but it can create the opportunity for diarrhea,a especially if it coincides with heat, an unhealthy diet, or a preexisting condition.
Symptoms of Dehydration and Diarrhea
Identifying signs and symptoms early is an important step in avoiding a visit to the ER.
Signs of dehydration
- Dry mouth and dry skin
- Dizzy or lightheaded
- Tiredness
- Dark yellow urine or minimal urine output
- Headaches
- Fast heartbeat
Signs of diarrhea
- Loose, watery stools (3 or more times a day)
- Cramps or bloating in the abdomen
- Nausea
- Fever (in some infections)
- Urgency to pass stool
Both dehydration and diarrhea can cause your body to quickly lose fluids and electrolytes. This is especially the case for small children and elderly adults.
Complications of Dehydration and Diarrhea
Ignoring these signs can result in dangerous complications, such as:
- Electrolyte imbalance: Can cause seizures, muscle cramps, and confusion.
- Hypovolemic shock: This happens when a low fluid balance drops blood pressure to an unsafe level.
- Kidney damage: Prolonged or continued dehydration can overload the kidneys, possibly leading to failure.
- Nutritional deficits: Dehydration-related diarrhea eliminates nutritional aspects that play a role in recovery and immunity.
Medical Scenarios Where Dehydration Leads to GI Symptoms
Doctors also often experience the following:
- Heatstroke or heat exhaustion: High temperatures and dehydration can impact digestion and cause diarrhea.
- Intense exercise without rehydration: Especially in endurance athletes, dehydration may lead to intestinal distress.
- Medication side effects: Many diuretics or supplements can cause dehydration and also irritate the gut.
- Fasting without fluids: Lengthy times without fluids will affect the gut lining and motility.
How to Manage and Treat Dehydration and Diarrhea
Here are some recommendations from health care providers:
1. Rehydrate Smart
- Drink small amounts of fluids, and keep sipping regularly.
- ORS (Oral Rehydration Solution): A combination of water, salt, and sugar to help replace fluids and electrolytes.
- Other options include coconut water, broth, and electrolyte drinks.
2. Eat Soft Food
- Eat soft food or easily digestible food, such as: bananas, rice, applesauce, toast (BRAT diet).
- Avoid greasy, spicy, and dairy foods until you feel better.
3. Rest to Recover
- Allow your body to heal. Overthinking your activities may prolong your symptoms.
4. Medications
- Use only if medically endorsed, ex. anti-diarrheal meds.
- Probiotics may help boost gut flora, but consult a doctor first.
5. Keep Track of Symptoms
- Keep track of several loose stools and how much fluid you are drinking.
- Consult with a nearby doctor if diarrhea lasts longer than 48 hours.
Conclusion
Dehydration usually does not result in diarrhea directly, although it can create a “weak” digestive system that may cause diarrhea or exacerbate it. The key is in prevention; drink plenty of fluids, listen to your body, and do not ignore symptoms. If you or a loved one feels weak, dizzy, or has diarrhea lasting longer than a couple of days, please contact a healthcare provider.
Your gut health and the health of your body depend on hydration.
FAQ
Q: Can drinking too little water cause digestive problems?
Yes, chronic dehydration can reduce intestinal lubrication and slow down digestion, possibly leading to constipation, bloating, or irritation, which could look like diarrhea.
Q: What fluids are best for rehydration with diarrhea?
The best rehydration options are oral rehydration solutions (ORS), coconut water, clear broths, or drink beverages that are enhanced electrolytes. Avoid sugary sodas or other caffeinated beverages.
Q: Can rehydration drinks cause diarrhea?
Occasionally, drinks high in sugar or artificial sweetener could also irritate the gut. Check with the healthcare provider and use drinks that are doctor approved ORS or natural options.
Q: When should I see a doctor for diarrhea and dehydration?
If your symptoms are longer than 2 days or if you experience severe weakness, blood in the stool, dry mouth (increased thirst), no urine output (urination), and dizziness, then you should seek medical attention immediately
